Importance of Intestinal Microbiome in Gastroenterology
Keywords:
gut microbiota, microbiome, dysbiosis, gastrointestinal diseases, probioticsAbstract
The gut microbiota present in the human digestive system is incredibly varied and is home to trillions of microorganisms. The intestinal microbiome is shaped at birth, while numerous genetic, dietary and environmental variables mainly influence its composition. In the last decade, research into the human gut microbiome has exploded and the importance of the gut microbiota in host health has become widely recognized. Changes in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota can alter digestion, intestinal permeability, immunological and metabolic responses. Recent research suggests that specific changes in the intestinal microbiota may be associated with the development of several gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and digestive neoplasms. These changes are often referred to as “dysbiosis”, a generic term that designates the reduction in the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota and changes in its composition. In this review, we highlight the fundamental role of the intestinal microbiome in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases.References
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