Importância do Microbioma Intestinal em Gastroenterologia
Palavras-chave:
microbiota intestinal, microbioma, disbiose, doenças gastrointestinais, probióticosResumo
A microbiota intestinal presente no sistema digestivo humano é extremamente variada e abriga trilhões de microrganismos. O microbioma intestinal é moldado no nascimento, enquanto inúmeras variáveis genéticas, dietéticas e ambientais influenciam sobretudo a sua composição. Na última década, a investigação relativa ao microbioma intestinal humano explodiu e a importância da microbiota intestinal na saúde do hospedeiro se tornou amplamente reconhecida. Mudanças na composição e na função da microbiota intestinal pode alterar a digestão, a permeabilidade intestinal, as respostas imunológicas e metabólicas. Pesquisas recentes sugerem que alterações específicas da microbiota intestinal podem estar associadas ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças gastrointestinais, incluindo síndrome do intestino irritável, doença inflamatória intestinal, doença celíaca e neoplasias digestivas. Estas alterações são frequentemente referidas como “disbiose”, um termo genérico que designa a redução da biodiversidade da microbiota intestinal e alterações na sua composição. Nesta revisão, destacamos o papel fundamental do microbioma intestinal na fisiopatologia das doenças gastrointestinais.
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