Nefrotoxicidade – Aspectos Básicos
Palavras-chave:
Doença renal induzida por fármacos, Diagnóstico clínico e fenotípico, Ações preventivasResumo
A lesão renal induzida por fármacos é um evento adverso frequente que contribui para a morbimortalidade e aumenta a necessidade de cuidados de saúde. A prevalência real da nefrotoxicidade na prática clínica é desconhecida visto não haver consenso na sua definição, sendo variados os conceitos empregados para descrever lesão renal nefrotóxica. A adoção de critério clínico baseado em fenótipos pode ajudar tanto no diagnóstico como na detecção precoces. A doença renal induzida por medicamentos tem patogênese que varia em função da estrutura do fármaco, das diferentes porções do néfron afetadas e da existência de comorbidades em múltiplos grupos de risco. Pesquisas na busca de biomarcadores de nefrotoxicidade visam detectar precocemente as lesões renais bem como a existência de predisposição genética para estes eventos, o que será útil para detectar precocemente, identificar os indivíduos suscetíveis e, provavelmente, reduzir os riscos para o uso dos fármacos.Referências
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