Manejo das complicações gastroenterológicas no paciente diabético
Palavras-chave:
Diabetes mellitus, complicações gastrointestinais, gastroparesia diabética, doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica, insuficiência exócrina do pâncreas, supercrescimento bacteriano do intestino delgadoResumo
Diabetes mellitus continua a ser considerada uma prioridade em saúde pública, em razão de sua alta e crescente prevalência, que afeta 8,8% da população mundial. Seus diferentes tipos exibem em comum um estado de hiperglicemia que, quando mantida a longo prazo, é responsável por uma série de fenômenos oxidativos e inflamatórios, os quais, por sua vez, induzem alterações estruturais e funcionais nas células, tecidos e órgãos por todo o corpo, incluindo o trato gastrointestinal e sua inervação. Mais de 75% da população diabética exibe algum sintoma gastrointestinal, e o reconhecimento precoce destes é essencial não só para alívio e melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, como também para a prevenção da progressão da doença e suas complicações. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar o conhecimento atual sobre a fisiopatologia das complicações gastroenterológicas causadas pelo diabetes, sua terapêutica e perspectivas futuras para esse contexto tão corriqueiro ao gastroenterologista.
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